RADIOACTIVE DECAY RATES AND CHALLENGES TO CONVENTIONAL DATING SCHEMES
RADIOACTIVE DECAY RATES
Are they constant?
Modern science has been assuming for the past century that radioactive decay rates have always been constant. Therefore knowing the
amount of radioactive material present they can extrapolate back to see how long it has taken to get to the present state. The first big
assumption is that originally there was an xx percent concentration of radioactive material present in such and such a rock at the very beginning.
The second assumption is that radioactive decay rates have stayed constant. We have only known
about radioactive decay for about a century. We have at most observed radioactive decay rates for 20-30 years on any one sample
of material. Based on say 50 years at most science is now extrapolating to 5 billion years or more. So 50 years out of 5 billion says
that we have observed it for say .0000001% of its lifetime. Not very good is it! Rather incomplete and very weak. It's the best we have
but do you want to stake your theories and reputation on something that has been observed for only .0000001% of its lifetime. Thats like
saying we know how the stock market works because we watched it for one second. Because of this terrible weakness we at the Paleo
Group are willing to say that radioactive decay dating schemes are only weak theories based on very incomplete evidence. Therefore
we are keeping an open mind as to the age of everything from the past.
We now have scientific evidence that radioactive decay rates can change depending on their environment. This is really big big news.
There have been hints of this condition for many years.
There are three known conditions where radioactive decay rates are known to change. The first example is that in a plasma state some
radioactive materials have been shown to change their decay rates. This intuitively makes sense when you consider that a plasma state
is a superheated state of matter. Since radioactive decay involves the nucleus which contains tightly bound particles it stands to reason
that it would take a lot of energy to change how the nucleus reacted. This large amount ofenergy happens in several ways one of which
is in the high energy plasma state. A Plasma state is a distinct phase of matter neither solid or liquid or gas. The plasma state is a gas like
cloud generally consisting of charged particles stripped of their electrons and commonly thought of as "ionized gas". The second way
which illustrates reducted nuclear decay rates occurs when some materials are subjected to ultrasonic cavitation. This also makes some
sense when you consider that ultrasonics is a way to impart energy into small particles.
This is a relatively new area of study so do not expect it to be known or critically embraced. It also would mean that most of the dating
schemes are completely thrown into a cocked hat and no one wants to admit that everything you have believed and been taught all your
life is wrong. It usually takes a generation 30 years or more for new ideas to gain universal acceptance. For an illustration of this consult
our article on Wegner's continental drift.
The first illustration of a changing decay rates is shown by what can happen in a plasma (a super hot state of matter). For over 50 years some
theoreticians had suggested that nuclear decay could be altered in the case of a nucleus bereft of its electrons (as occurs in a plasma state). Perhaps
the b-particle attempting to leave a bare nucleus would have to overcome a much lower threshold of kinetic energy than if the electrons were absent.
The fleeing b– particle could take refuge in a vacant electron orbital around the nucleus instead of attempting to escape all the way into the continuum.
This process is called bound-state b– decay (or bb decay). Subsequently, theoretical analyses3 suggested that a significant perturbation of radioactive
decay rates could occur in the nuclides of 25 different elements as a consequence of bb decay.
Experimental demonstration of the actual existence of bb decay, however, did not occur until the 1990s. 163Dy, a stable nuclide under normal-Earth
conditions, was found to decay to 163Ho, with t˝ = 47 days, under the bare-nucleus conditions of the completely ionized state.4 More recently, bb
decay has been experimentally demonstrated in the rhenium-osmium (187Re-187Os) system. (The Re-Os method is one of the isotopic ‘clocks’ used
by uniformitarian geologists to supposedly date rocks.) The experiment involved the circulation of fully-ionized 187Re in a storage ring. The 187Re ions
were found to decay to a measurable extent in only several hours, amounting to a half-life of only 33 years.6 This represents a staggering billion-fold change
over the conventional half-life, which is 42 Ga! (Ga = giga-annum = a billion ) years
The second condition we will mention under which radioactive decay rates can change is under the influence of ultrasonic cavitation. Recently Fabio Cardone
of the Institute per Lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati in Rome and his colleagues have shown a dramatic increase by a factor of 10,000
in the decay rate of thorium-228 in water as a result of ultrasonic cavitation. Ultrasonic cavitation is commonly known to occur under certain flood and
water flow conditions.
The last method of the three can best be explained by going to the actual website. nuclear half life Also see Another article. We present these
with no discussion. In the future after we have time to digest it we may then hazard an opiion.
In addition to the three methods for changing radioactive decay rates, there have been scientists who have noticed seasonal or small variation in decay rates in certain radioactive materials. This is in the early stages of discovery and merits paying attention. One observation is that the decay rates vary as the distance from the sun changes. The theory is that energy from the sun influences the decay behavior of certain substances. For more information click here decay fluctuations.
REFERENCES:
1. Bosch,F. et al, Observation of bound-state b- decay of fully ionized 187 Re,,Physical Review Letters 77(26)5190-5193, 1886
2. Takahashi, K. et al., Bound-state beta decay of highly ionized atoms, Physical Review C36(4)1522–1527, 1987.
3. For more details on the case of ultrasonic cavitation, see this June 8, 2009 Cern Courrier article or this italian site article in italien.
CHALLENGES TO RADIOACTIVE DATING
(1) Dinosaur bone collagen, bone apatite and/or total organics have consistently showed C-14 content in the range of 22,000 to 33,000 RadioCarbon years by five different labs at different times from Texas to Alaska. Therefore, we challenge other scientists around the world to carbon date some of their thousands of dinosaur bones in storage areas World-wide; We think they will show appreciable amounts of carbon 14 and indicate ages from 20 to 50 thousand years not just trace amount due to machine error or contamination. Refer to carbon 14 dating section.
REFERENCES:(2) Mummified surface wood on Ellef Rigness and other northern Canadian Islands should be tested for C-14 content by Canadian scientists as we have done. We challenge other scientists to do this. This wood is claimed to be about 40 million years old. However,it is found on the surface of the ground, is unfossilized, burns like regular wood, and has been dated by us as thousands of years old.
1. Refer to this website click here
REFERENCES:(3) Polystrate fossil trees, standing vertically up to 30 feet in Nova Scotia; and, other locations world-wide should be C-14 dated by removing the limestone [calcium carbonate] encased wood and dating the wood only. Dilute, hot hydrochloric acid can remove carbonates over perhaps a few days. This was done in the mid 19th century by Dawson revealing flexible, burnable wood for study. Radiometric dating of the carbon present in the strata in which they were buried should also be dated to see how they compare.
1. Time September 22, 1986
REFERENCES:
1. This was in a proposal by Dr. Jean de Pontcharra, atomic physicist from France in his paper, Is Radiometric Dating Reliable? This was from a conference titled A Critical Critique of Evolution held in Rome November 9, 2009. scientific critique of evolution
2. Dawson, J. William, 1846. Notices of some Fossils in the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London, V. 2
John William Dawson, famed Canadian geologist (1822-1899) from Nova Scotia referred to the use of hydrochloric acid to remove calcium carbonate from polystrate fossilized tree specimens to reveal un-fossilized wood. As he wrote: "It is perhaps worthy of notice, that the alteration effected from the original structure of these calcareous fossils, consists merely in the filling up of the cavities of the cells with carbonate of lime, and in the carbonization of their walls. When fragments are exposed to the action of diluted hydrochloric acid, the calcareous matter is removed (dissolved), and a flexible carbonaceous substance, retaining the form of the fragment, remains. The residual woody matter burns like touchwood, and leaves a very little white ash (top of pp. 134. [special note by Dawson follows: Coniferous wood is not infrequent in the nodules of ironstone, included in the great coal-bed at the Albion mines].” The Dawson experiment should be repeated with many specimens from that area and tested for C-14 content. If C-14 is discovered then the polystrate fossil trees are only 1000’s and NOT 300 million years or older. For an excellent discussion of the works of J. William Dawson please visit polystrate fossil trees on www.earthage.org. and polystrate_fossils.htm for more details on polystrate fossil trees and the famous Nova Scotia geologist John Williams Dawson.
(4) Ten Saber tooth tiger femur bones (Smilodon) from the La Brea Tarpits of Las Angeles werre tested and found to be of similar radiocarbon ages. Carbon 14 ages for extracted bone collagen from the tar pits ranged from 12,650 ±160 to 28,000 ±1400 RC. According to Dr. Libby, the inventor of the radiocarbon dating method and who Radio carbon dated these femur bones: “There is no known natural mechanism by which collagen may be altered to yield a false age.” One such tiger bone from the North Sea was no older than the oldest at La Brea Tar pits. Therefore we challenge scientists to extract and test collagen from other saber-tooth tiger bone species thought to be up to 2.5 million years old and show us they have no carbon 14 content.
REFERENCES:(5) Some mastodons are thought to be as old at 3 to 4 million years. We challenge the owners of these bones to test the bones or tusks and we think it will show considerable amount of carbon 14 present.
1. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3484613/Remains-of-a-Sabre-toothed-tiger-the-size-of-a-horse-found-off-British-coast.html
REFERENCES:
1. Click on www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19983852/a>